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7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

, s. T. & W. s. THOMAS. W. S. THOMAS, Administrator of S. T. THOMAS,Deceased.

LOOM.

No. 435.549. Patented Sept. 2, 1890.

W few "rue NORRIS vc-rsns co., wo'rwumue, WASNINGYON, n c

(No Model.) 7s 8 S. T & W. S THOMAS. heets heet 2 W. S'. THOMAS,Administrator of S. T. THOMAS, Deceased.

'LOOM. v v No. 435,549. Patented Sept. 2, 1890.

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(No Model.)

' 7 SheetsSheet 3. S. T. & W. S. THOMAS. W. S. THOMAS, Administrator ofS. T. THOMAS, Deceased. LOOM.

No. 435,549. Patented Sept. 2, 1890.

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7 Sheets-SheeL 4.

S. T. & W. S. THOMAS. W. S. THOMAS, Administrator of S. T. THOMAS,Deceased.

(No Model.)

LOOM.

Patented Sept. 2, 1890.

7 Sheets-Sheet, 5.

(No Model.)

& W. s. THOMAS. W. S. THOMAS, Administrator of S. T. THOMAS, Deceased.

LOOM.

Patehted Sept. 2, 1890.

5 MmrmAR-m 3W iQm/wum WWW Mm (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6.

S. T. & W. S. THOMAS. W. S. THOMAS, Administrator of S. T. THOMAS,Deceased. LO0M'.-

Patentbd Sept. 2, 1890.

IIIIIIIHIIIIIMIWII (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 7. S. T. 8v W. S. THOMAS.

W. S. THOMAS, Administrator of S. '1; THOMAS, Deceased.

' LOOM.

No. 435,549. Patented Sept. 2, 1890.

me name Fauna cm, momentum, WASHINGTON, a. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL T. THOMAS AND IVINFIELD S. THOMAS, OF BOSTON, MASSACHU- SETTS;IVINFIELD S. THOMAS ADMINISTRATOR OF SAID SAMUEL T.

THOMAS, DECEASED.

LOOM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 435,549, datedSeptember 2, 1890.

Application filed October 10, 1887- Serial No. 251,911- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SAMUEL T. THOMAS and VVINFIELD S. THOMAS, citizensof the United States, residing at Boston, in the county of Suifolk andState of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Looms, of which the following is a specification. V

This invention relates, tirst, to improved drop-weights or tu mblers,incombination with the pattern-chain, racks, geared sector-cams, andharness-lever of a positive open-shedharness motion; secondly, toimproved mechanism to prevent a shuttle being thrown unless there is anempty box opposite to receive it; thirdly, to an improveddrop-shuttle1boX motion, whereby any box in the series can be broughtinto the required position without fail fourthly, to an improvedfilling-stop motion; fifthly, to an improved let-oif motion.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a side viewof a loom embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of theright-hand end of the loom, showing our improvements. Fig. 3 is a backview of the same end of the loom. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 show the stopmotion,Fig. 4 being a section taken on line 0c of Fig. 5; Fig. 5, a sectiontaken on line 314 of Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a plan of Fig. 5. Figs. '7 to18 are detail views of various parts. f

The drop-weights or tumblers 12 and 13 (see Figs. 7 and S) are of twokinds, hung on rods 18 19 at the front and back of the upright one ofeach kind to a rack. Those at the back 12 are hung on the rod 18 andhave their weighted end half-disk shape, (see Fig. 7,) the circular partbeing pressed against the rack by a spiral spring 14: on the back sideof each. The springs it are supported in a series of holes in a plate15, the holes being the proper distance apart opposite the back of eachtumbler 12. The tumblers atthe front are hung I so that their weightedends on one side bear against the fronts of the racks A'an d the otheragainst the pattern-chains B. Each of these tumblers 13 (see Figs. 7 and8) consists of two parts 16 17, hung at their upper ends on the rod 19,and the parts that come in contact racks or jacks A, and bearing againstthem,"

with the pattern-chain and rack are form ed of a bow shape with catches20 at the bottom to prevent them being forced apart by the spring 21,held on studs in the bows. The tumblers 12 at the back keep the rackspressed forward all the time by the action of the spiral springs 14,unless pressed back by the presence of against the front drop-weights.This action of the screws 1) in the pattern-chain against the gear withthe sector-cams F, which operate the harness-levers G. The pattern-chaincylinder B is driven from a scroll-ca1n H on the end of the crank-shaftI, throughbell-crank lever J, the long arm of which is connected to theliftin grod K, to which a collar 7c is secured. Pivoted to the collar 7cis a slotted bar L, that is connected to a bell-crank lever H by meansof a pin Z passing through the slot in the bar L. The bell-crank M isfulcrumed to a stud at m, and its upper end is pivoted to a pawl N, thatengages with the pins b on the pattern-chain cylinder B The operation ofthese parts is as follows:

impart-s an upand-down motion to the lifting rod K through bell-crank J.The slot in the bar L allows the rod K to rise without moving thebell-crank M, until the bottom of the slot comes into contact with thepin 1, when the bell-crank M is thrown up and the pawl N pushed forwardto take hold of another of the pins 12 As the shaft I continues torotate, the lifting-rod K is drawn down and the pawl N moves thepattern-cylinder l3 one-eighth of a revolution. Both the liftinganddepressing bars D and E are moved by the scrollcam H on the end ofthe crankshaft I, through the two angled levers J J connected to thescrews orpins bin the pattern-chain hearing.

If there is no screw in the 65 The lower ends of the racks A are toothedto 70 As the crank-shaft I rotates, the scroll-cam H 85 upright shafts KK the lifting-bar D being [:0

secured to upright shaft K and the depressing-bar being secured to theupright shaft K Theshuttle or picking motion is obtained as follows: Onthe lower or cam shaft P, at a proper distance from the inside of theloomframe, is keyed a side cam 19, on which runs the roll n of theshuttle arm or lever Q, which is rigidly fastened to the upper end of asleeve q, turning loose on an upright shaft r. (See Figs. 13, 14, and15.) At the lower end of this shaft '1 is another sleeve g with a flangeon its lower end, in the circumference of which holes are drilled atequal distances apart, as

, shown, and between these two sleeves q q is an intermediate sleeve gthese three sleeves being all loose 011 the upright shaft'r, whose upperand lower ends are supported in stands fixed to the loom girt or frame.Around these three sleeves is coiled a powerful steel spring R, one endof which is fixed to the lower sleeve g and the other to the shuttle-armQ, on one end of which is the arm-roll 71., hearing against the side cam19, (see Figs. 1, 9, 13, and 14,) while the other end is connected by asuitable strap 0 or connector to the picker-stick S. The lower sleeve (1is prevented from turning by a projecting pin (1 passing through thelower stand and into one of the holes in the flange of the lower sleeve,and the tension on the spring R can be regulated by changing this pin (1from hole to hole, according to the power required to throw the shuttle.The cam 19 (see Fig. 9) is an incline, which starts at 2 and rises toits highest point 1, and then drops to its lowest point 2, as shown.This cam makes one pick for every revolution of the shaft P; but ifdesired to make two picks, then the cam would have to be made double.

As the side cam 19 on the lower shaft P turns around, the roll 91 on theshuttle-arm Q moves up the inclined plane on the cam 19, thereby windingup the spring R until the roll it drops square olf, which relieves thespring R and its force is imparted through the shuttle-arm Q andconnector 0 to the picker-stick S, which throws the shuttle. The forceof the spring R to throw the shuttle does not depend upon the speed ofthe loom, for the velocity of the shuttle would be the same whether theloom runs eighty picks per minute or only forty. In fact, the loom maybe run until the peed is almost nothing, but the shuttle will still bethrown with a uniform velocity.

To prevent the shuttle being thrown, if there is a full box opposite, weuse two rods T T (see Figs. 1 and 4) running along the front of the lay.On one end of each of the rods is a finger t t rigidly fastened theretoand bearing against the shuttle-binder or swell U U. At the opposite endof each of the rods T T from the fingers t 25' an arm V is fixed, whichis connected by a chain or cord a with one end of a lever W fulcrumedator about its center to the frame and connected at its other end byanother chain or cord 11 to a latch-lever X, the notched end of whichhangs directly over the front end of the shutand prevents its moving;

tle-arm Q, and this end of the notched lever is kept up out of the pathof the shuttle-arm by a coiled spring Y, which also keeps the fingers tpressed against the shuttle-biuder U. As long as the shuttle box isempty, the notched lever X on the opposite side of the loom is kept outof the path of the shuttlearm Q, but if there is a shuttle in the box itthrows out the shuttle-binder U, which moves out the finger t andthrough its connections drops the end of the notched lever X over theshuttle-arm Q at the opposite side of the loom consequently the shuttleon the latter side will not be thrown,

and the loom will be stopped in the following manner: On the front oflathe Z is secured a metal casing e, the front of which extends downsome distance below the bottom of the lathe Z. In the casing e ispivoted a small blockf, through which slides a rod g, the upper end ofwhich is bent at right angles, and to which is pivoted theneedle h, thepoint 1 acting as a fulcrum for the needle to swing upon. The lower endof the bar g rides up upon the face of an inclined plane j when ashuttle is in its box. When the box is empty, the binder U, andconsequently the finger 25, moves inward and causes the arm 8 on shaft Tto move inward and push the rod 9 out of the path of the incline planej,the end of the lever 8 being beveled off, as shown in Fig. 6. In thelower end of the plate e is formed a slot 20, through which slidesa fiatmetal plate 01:, provided at its inner end with a hook 41: and at itsouter end with a screw-threaded rod y, which passes through an arm 3fulcrumed in a stand on the under side of the breast-beam 4. The armbears against an arm 5, secured to the rod 6, upon which is also securedthe shipper-disengaging arm 7, the upper end of which is forked, throughwhich forktheshipper-handleSpasses. \Vhen the box which should be emptyhas a shuttle in it, the binder U is forced out by the shuttle andconsequently the finger t is pressed outward and causes the lever s onshaft '1. to move outward away from rod g, which then standsperpendicular and in the path of the inclined planej, up which the endof the rod g passes as the lathe is moved back carrying with it theneedle h, so that its straight end will be in the path of the hook at inthe plate as, and comes into contact with the same as the lathe" movesback, which causes the plate 00 to draw upon the arm 3, which cominginto contact with lever 5 on rod 6 causes the shipper-arm 7 on said rod6 to move the shipper-handle 8 out of its notch, thereby causing theloom to stop.

In some cases, if desired, the arm 5 may be extended down and providedwith a slot for the rod y to pass through, in which case the arm 3 wouldbe dispensed with. The operation of this stop-motion is as follows: Whenthe shuttle is in the box ready to be thrown, the binder U, the fingert, and lever s are all out, which allows the end of the rod g to beraised by riding up the inclinej in the backward movement of the latheZ. As the rod g is raised, the needle h is also carried up until in theposition shown in Fig. 5. As the shuttle leaves the box,- the fillingforms a loop round the needle h, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, (9representing the selvagepoint,) and tilts the needle, as shown in dottedlines, so as to be out of the path of the hook on the end of plate 00.If the filling breaks or the shuttle is empty the needle h would notbetilted, but remain perpendicular, and as the lathe moves back the needlewill come into contact with the hook m and draw upon the bar 00,.whichdraws arm 3 against arm and moves the arm 7 and shipper-handle 8 andstops the loom. hen the shuttle-box is empty, the binder U, finger t,and lever s are thrown in and the lever 8 moves the rod 9 to one side,so that it will not come in contact with the incline plane j.Consequently the rod 9 and needle h remain down, the lower end of theneedle being formed with a bow which comes opposite the bar a: when theneedle is down, so that the hook x will not come into contact with theneedle and will not stop the 100111.

On the end y of the bare: is provided a spring 10, the tension of whichis regulated by a thumb-screw 11. The object of this spring is toprevent any undue strain upon the arm 3 and shipper-handle 8.

The shuttle-box motion may be described as follows: On the end of thelower or cam shaft P, outside the loom-frame, a cam 22 is attached,which moves a bell-crank lever 23, fulcrumed on a stud 24 to a stand onthe loomframe. Through the lower end of this lever 23 pass fourhorizontal racks 25, the outer ends of which are raised or lowered bymeans of wires 26, according as the wires are operated by the screws onthe pattern-chain 27, so that when a wire 26 is raised by one of saidscrews the corresponding rack will be thrown into gear with a pinion 28;but when the wires 26 are not raised the rack 25 will slide under andnotengage with the pinion 28. The wires 26 ot' pattern-chain 27 areoperated in the followingmanner: A cam 90 is mounted upon shaft P, whichcam bears against an arm 91, connected to a shaft 92, and imparts anup-and-down motion thereto. Near the upper end of the shaft 92 isconnected an arm 93, provided with a stud upon which is mounted thepattern-chain cylinder 94. The shaft 92 works in hearings on a standard95, the up per end of which is provided with an arm 96, to the outer endof which is pivoted a pawl 97, provided at its end with a hook whichengages with pins on the pattern-chain cylinder, so that the cylinder isrotated so as to bring up one bar of the pattern-chain 27 every time theshaft 92 moves down, which is at every pick of the loom. On the side ofthe rack 25 at its forward end is a small projection 29 (see Fig. 17)which, when the rack is raised and pushed forward, slides upon a guide30 until the projection'29 passes the end of said guide, when the end ofthe rack falls down and it is drawn back out of contact with the pinion28. Each of the pinions 28 is secured to a face-plate 31. There are fourof these pinions and face-plates, and they are supported in pairs on astud carried by a stand 32, keyed onto shaft 33, mounted in a T-shapedframe 34 on the side of the loomframe. Each of the face-plates 31 isprovided with two notches to receive the end of the catch-pawl 35 thatholds the face-plate in position at each half-revolution, the rack 25being provided with just half the number of teeth that there are in thepinion 28, so that each time the pinion is operated by the rack itwillmake just one-half a revolution. To each of the face-plates 31 issecured one end of a chain 36 or 37. The chain 36 passes down and undera sheave 38 toa proportional lever 39, to the lower end of which the endof the chain is attached. The lever 39 is fulcrumed at the center of alever 40,hung on a shaft 41 in the T-frame 34. The chain 37 passes undera sheave 42, and its end is secured to the upper end of the proportionallever 39. The lower end of the proportional lever 39 is just twice thelength of the upper end, so that if the same amount of travel isimparted to the upper end it will cause the lever to move just twice thedistance that the same movement would do if imparted to the lower end ofthe lever. To the lower end of the lever 40 is connected a rod 43, theother end of which is connected to a chain 44, that passes round asheave 45, attached to the picker-stick stand 46, then passes up andover a sheave 47, attached to the under side of the shuttle-box frame,and then down, and is connected to aloose collar 48 on the sh uttleboxrod 49, around which is placed the spiral spring 50 in the usual manner.It will be seen that as the cam 22 revolves it will operate thebell-crank lever 23 and impart motion to the racks 25, which, when ingear with the pinions 28, will impart a half-revolution to the pinionand face-plates 31, so that when the face-plate that connects with thelower end of the proportional lever 39 is operated it will give one box;but when the face-plate that is connected to the upperend of theproportional lever 39 is operated it will give two boxes, and if bothplates are operated simultaneously they will give three boxes.

To operate the boxes at one end of the loom it takes two racks, twopinions and faceplates, and two chainsone connected to the upper and theother connected to the lower end of the proportional lever-and the samearrangement is required to operate the boxes at the other end, the chain44 in this case passing to the other end of the loom underneath thelathe.

For the take-up We use a take-up roll 51, whose circumference is turnedto an exact whole number of inches, and on one end of the take-up-rollshaft 52 a worm-gear 53 is g fixed with just as many teeth as there areinches in the circumference of the roll, so that each tooth of the gearand also each inch of the circumference of the roll represents an inchof the woven fabric. Running in the worm-gear 53 is a single worm 54 ona short shaft 55, turning in a stand fixed to the loomframe, and at oneend of this short shaft 55 is placed the take-up ratchet 56 with just asmany teeth in its circumference as there are picks to the inch in thefabric to be woven. One revolution of the ratchet moves the Wormgear 53one tooth, which takes up one inch of the woven goods. The ratchet 56(see Fig. 10) is moved one tooth at each movement of the lay by a pawl57, attached to one end of a lever 58, swinging on the hub of theratchet 56, the other end being raised at every forward movement of thelay by an inclined plane or groove 59, attached to the sword 60. Thisforms a positive take-up, and the number of teeth in the take-up ratchet56, which ratchet can be readily changed, must be the same as the numberof picks per inch re quired in the Woven fabric. To convert this samemechanism in to a negative take-up that is, a take-up where the numberof picks per inch varies to accommodate the inequalities of thefilling-the inclined plane 59 is moved up on the sword 60, so as to bearon the top of the lever 58 that operates the pawl, and at the end ofthis lever 58 a spiral spring 61 is attached, the other end of thespring, 61 being hooked to a threaded rod 62, passing through a stand onthe loom-frame with a thumb-nut on the rod to adjust the tension of thespring. The weight of the goods woven is governed by the tension of thespring.

The let-elf is as follows: On the yarlrbeam shaft 7 O a worm-gear 71 isattached, running in which is a worm 72, on an upright shaft 73,supported in stands bolted to the loon1-frame. On this upright shaft 73a ratchet-wheel 74 (see Figs. 11 and 12) is attached, on whose hub is aloose pawl-plate 75, on which swing two or more pawls 76, as may berequired. This pawl-plate 75 is connected by an arm 77 to aperpendicular lever 78, whose upper end is fulcrumed in a stand on theloom-frame, and to the other end of which 1ever.78 the whiproll 79 isrigidly fastened. At a proper distance on this lever 78 one end of a rod80 is attached, the other end passing loosely through a hole in thelay-sword 60, with a nut on the end to regulate the distance between thesword 60 and the whip-roll lever 78. Every forward movement of the sword60 moves the rod 80 forward to a definite point, thereby also movingthelower end of the whiproll lever 78 forward to a definite point, andthe arm 77, being connected at one end to the whip-roll lever 78 and atits other end to the pawl-plate 7 5, the latter is caused to partiallyrotate at every forward movement of the sword, and by means of the pawls76 causea partial rotary motion to be imparted to the ratchet 74,secured to the upright shaft 73, carrying the worm 72, that gears withthe worm-wheel 71 on the yarn-beam shaft 70, which movement lets off theyard. The backward movement of the sword relieves the rod 80 andwhip-roll lever 78, so that the tension of the warp on the whip-roll 79will draw it forward, thus drawing the lower end of the whip-roll leverbackward. Thereby through arm 77 and pawl-plate 75 the pawls are drawnback one or more teeth, according to the tension of the warp. Therequisite tension that is wanted on the yarn is governed by anadjustable weight 81 on a bell-crank lever 82, fulcrumed to a stand onthe frame, one end of the lever bearing against the lower end of thewhip-roll lever 78. The length of the rod 80, attached to the whip-rolllever 78 and passing through the sword 60, is so adjusted that when thelay strikes it holds the whiproll rigid. This mechanism may be appliedseparately to two yarn-beams on the same loom and the tension of eachgoverned independently, as shown in Fig.- 1.

\Vhat we claim as our invention is- 1. In a loom, a dropweight made intwo parts that are kept extended by a spring and provided at their lowerends with notches to prevent their being forced apart, in combinationwith a pattern-chain, racks, lifting and depressing bars, gearedsector-cams, and harness-levers, substantially as shown and described.

2. In a loom, a drop-weight consisting of two parts 16 17, the partsthat come in contact with the pattern-chain and rack being bowshaped andtheir lower ends provided with catches 20, in combination with a spring21,

held on studs in the bows, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

3. In a loom, the pawl N, bell-crank lever M, slotted bar L, and collark,in combination with the lifting-rod K, bell-crank lever J, scroll-camH, and the pattern-chain cylinder B substantially as set forth.

4. The shuttle stop-motion herein described, consisting of the rod T,carrying finger t, arm V, chain or cord a, lever W, chain or cord 1; andspring Y, latch-lever X, and shuttle-boxes, in combination with theswell U, shuttle-actuating arm Q, and cam 19, substantially as setforth.

5. The rod '1, carrying fingert, arm V, chain or cord to, lever WV,chain or cord 1:, latch-lever X, and spring Y, in combination withneedle h, rod g, block f, inclined plane j, arm 8, plate as, providedwith notch m arm 3, arm 5, rod 6, arm 7, shipper-handle 8, swell U,shuttle-arm Q, cam 19, and shuttle-boxes, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

6. The rod T, carrying finger t, in combination with the swells U, levers, needle h, rod g, block f, inclined plane j, plate ac, provided withnotch m arm 3, arm 5, rod 6, arm 7,snipper-handle 8, and shuttle-boxes,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. The shuttle-box motion herein described,

consisting of cam 22, shaft P, bell-crank lever 23, racks 25, pinions28, face-plates 31, chains 36 and 37, proportional lever 39, lever 40,connected to the shuttle-box rod, and the shuttle-box rod 49, incombination with rods 26 and pattern-chain 27, substantially as shownand described.

8. The cam 22, lever 23, and racks 25, provided with projections 29, incombination with the pinions 28, guide 30, rods 26,and thepattern-chain, substantially as shown and described.

9. The let-off motion herein described, consisting of whip-roll 79,whip-roll lever 78, Worm-gear 71, shaft 73, worm 72, ratchetwheel 74,pawl-plate 75, pawls 76, and an arm 77, in combination with the weightedbellcrank lever 82, rod 80, and lay-sword 60, whereby the motion to thewhip-roll is imparted directly from the sword,substantially as setforth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our namesto this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SAMUEL T. THOMAS. WINFIELD S. THOMAS. Witnesses:

L. W. HoWEs, E. PLANTA.

